JavaScript

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2024年4月22日
讀畢需時 4 分鐘

Bring Bootstrap to life with our optional JavaScript plugins. Learn about each plugin, our data and programmatic API options, and more.

Individual or compiled

Plugins can be included individually (using Bootstrap’s individual js/dist/*.js), or all at once using bootstrap.js or the minified bootstrap.min.js (don’t include both).

If you use a bundler (Webpack, Parcel, Vite…), you can use /js/dist/*.js files which are UMD ready.

Usage with JavaScript frameworks

While the Bootstrap CSS can be used with any framework, the Bootstrap JavaScript is not fully compatible with JavaScript frameworks like React, Vue, and Angular which assume full knowledge of the DOM. Both Bootstrap and the framework may attempt to mutate the same DOM element, resulting in bugs like dropdowns that are stuck in the “open” position.

A better alternative for those using this type of frameworks is to use a framework-specific package instead of the Bootstrap JavaScript. Here are some of the most popular options:

React: React Bootstrap

Try it yourself! Download the source code and working demo for using Bootstrap with React, Next.js, and React Bootstrap from the twbs/examples repository. You can also open the example in StackBlitz.

Vue: BootstrapVue (Bootstrap 4)

Vue 3: BootstrapVueNext (Bootstrap 5, currently in alpha)

Angular: ng-bootstrap

Using Bootstrap as a module

Try it yourself! Download the source code and working demo for using Bootstrap as an ES module from the twbs/examples repository. You can also open the example in StackBlitz.

We provide a version of Bootstrap built as ESM (bootstrap.esm.js and bootstrap.esm.min.js) which allows you to use Bootstrap as a module in the browser, if your targeted browsers support it.

import { Toast } from 'bootstrap.esm.min.js'

Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('.toast'))

.forEach(toastNode => new Toast(toastNode))

</script>

Compared to JS bundlers, using ESM in the browser requires you to use the full path and filename instead of the module name. Read more about JS modules in the browser. That’s why we use 'bootstrap.esm.min.js' instead of 'bootstrap' above. However, this is further complicated by our Popper dependency, which imports Popper into our JavaScript like so:

import * as Popper from "@popperjs/core"

If you try this as-is, you’ll see an error in the console like the following:

Uncaught TypeError: Failed to resolve module specifier "@popperjs/core". Relative references must start with either "/", "./", or "../".

To fix this, you can use an importmap to resolve the arbitrary module names to complete paths. If your targeted browsers do not support importmap, you’ll need to use the es-module-shims project. Here’s how it works for Bootstrap and Popper:

<!doctype html>

<head>

<title>Hello, modularity!</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Hello, modularity!</h1>

<button id="popoverButton" type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" data-bs-toggle="popover" title="ESM in Browser" data-bs-content="Bang!">Custom popover</button>

{

"imports": {

"@popperjs/core": "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@popperjs/core@2.11.8/dist/esm/popper.min.js",

"bootstrap": "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/js/bootstrap.esm.min.js"

}

</script>

import * as bootstrap from 'bootstrap'

new bootstrap.Popover(document.getElementById('popoverButton'))

</script>

</body>

</html>

Dependencies

Some plugins and CSS components depend on other plugins. If you include plugins individually, make sure to check for these dependencies in the docs.

Our dropdowns, popovers, and tooltips also depend on Popper.

Data attributes

Nearly all Bootstrap plugins can be enabled and configured through HTML alone with data attributes (our preferred way of using JavaScript functionality). Be sure to only use one set of data attributes on a single element (e.g., you cannot trigger a tooltip and modal from the same button.)

As options can be passed via data attributes or JavaScript, you can append an option name to data-bs-, as in data-bs-animation="{value}". Make sure to change the case type of the option name from “camelCase” to “kebab-case” when passing the options via data attributes. For example, use data-bs-custom-class="beautifier" instead of data-bs-customClass="beautifier".

As of Bootstrap 5.2.0, all components support an experimental reserved data attribute data-bs-config that can house simple component configuration as a JSON string. When an element has data-bs-config='{"delay":0, "title":123}' and data-bs-title="456" attributes, the final title value will be 456 and the separate data attributes will override values given on data-bs-config. In addition, existing data attributes are able to house JSON values like data-bs-delay='{"show":0,"hide":150}'.

The final configuration object is the merged result of data-bs-config, data-bs-, and js object where the latest given key-value overrides the others.

Selectors

We use the native querySelector and querySelectorAll methods to query DOM elements for performance reasons, so you must use valid selectors. If you use special selectors like collapse:Example, be sure to escape them.

Events

Bootstrap provides custom events for most plugins’ unique actions. Generally, these come in an infinitive and past participle form - where the infinitive (ex. show) is triggered at the start of an event, and its past participle form (ex. shown) is triggered on the completion of an action.

All infinitive events provide preventDefault() functionality. This provides the ability to stop the execution of an action before it starts. Returning false from an event handler will also automatically call 亚博体育开云体育开云体育开云体育博彩资讯博彩导航杏运体育杏彩体育九游娱乐

JavaScript

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